Safety guides: what the standard says, with the products that meet it

Browse by product family

Browse by standard

All guides, A to Z

• Ammonia exposure limits and detection29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 (current e-CFR); NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, ammonia (current online edition)
• ANSI 107 Class 1, 2 and 3: what the classes mean, and which one does your job need?ANSI/ISEA 107-2020; MUTCD 11th edition (2023), section 6C.05; 29 CFR 1926.201 and 1926.6
• ANSI A4 vs A5 vs A6 gloves: what the levels protect againstANSI/ISEA 105-2016; ASTM F2992-15; 29 CFR 1910.132(d) and 1910.138
• ANSI Z308.1 Class A vs Class B first aid kits: what is in eachANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021 (effective October 15, 2022); 29 CFR 1910.151(b) and Appendix A
• Anti-fatigue mats: what they do and where OSHA guidance recommends themOSHA Guidelines for Retail Grocery Stores, OSHA 3192 (2004); OSHA Electrical Contractors eTool, Ergonomic Solutions: Lower Extremities; OSH Act section 5(a)(1); NIOSH Elements of Ergonomics Programs (DHHS 97-117); manufacturer data (NoTrax, M+A Matting)
• Anti-fog safety glasses: what the anti-fog marking means (it is X, not N)ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 (Section 6.2, 9.20 and Table 3); 29 CFR 1910.133; 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Appendix B
• Arc flash and electrical hazard signs: what has to be on the labelNFPA 70E-2024; NEC (NFPA 70) 2023; 29 CFR 1910.303, 1910.335 and 1910.145, current e-CFR
• Arc flash labels: what NFPA 70E and the NEC require on equipmentNFPA 70E-2024, 130.5(H); NFPA 70 (NEC) 2023, 110.16 and 110.21(B); ANSI Z535.4
• Arc-rated face shields and hoods: what category needs whichNFPA 70E-2024, 130.7(C)(3), (C)(4), (C)(5), (C)(10) and Table 130.7(C)(15)(c); ASTM F2178; 29 CFR 1910.335(a)(1)(v); ANSI/ISEA Z87.1
• Are eyewash bottles OSHA compliant?29 CFR 1910.151(c) (current e-CFR); ANSI/ISEA Z358.1-2014; OSHA letters of interpretation on 1910.151(c) (April 18, 2002; November 1, 2002; June 1, 2009)
• Are Oakley and other brand sunglasses Z87 rated? How to tell, and what counts on the jobANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 (Table 3, Sections 5.3 and 7.1, Tables 8 and 10); 29 CFR 1910.133 and 1926.102; 29 CFR 1910.132(h)
• Audiometric testing: what 1910.95(g) requires29 CFR 1910.95(g), (h), (i), (j), (m) and Appendices C, D, E, F (current e-CFR)
• Back supports and lifting belts: what NIOSH saysNIOSH, Workplace Use of Back Belts: Review and Recommendations, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication 94-122 (1994); NIOSH Elements of Ergonomics Programs (DHHS 97-117); NIOSH Revised Lifting Equation (1994); OSH Act section 5(a)(1); 29 CFR 1910.132
• Banded ear plugs: when they are the right choice29 CFR 1910.95(i), (j) and Appendix B (current e-CFR); NIOSH Publication 98-126 (1998), chapter 6; OSHA Technical Manual Section III Chapter 5; manufacturer instructions (Honeywell Howard Leight, 3M)
• Bleeding control kits and tourniquets: what Stop the Bleed and Z308.1 coverANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021 (effective October 15, 2022); Stop the Bleed, American College of Surgeons (course materials as republished by the Los Angeles Fire Department and the Florida Department of Health); 29 CFR 1910.151(b) and 1910.1030
• Bloodborne pathogen spill kits: what should be in one29 CFR 1910.1030 (current e-CFR); OSHA letters of interpretation of July 15, 1999 and March 9, 2010 on disinfectants
• Bump cap vs hard hat: when a bump cap is allowedANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); EN 812:2012; 29 CFR 1910.135, 1926.100 and 1910.132(d)
• Bump test vs calibration: what each does and how oftenOSHA Safety and Health Information Bulletin, Calibrating and Testing Direct-Reading Portable Gas Monitors (current version, which replaced SHIB 05-04-2004); ISEA Statement on Validation of Operation for Direct Reading Portable Gas Monitors; manufacturer manuals
• Cal/OSHA heat illness prevention: what section 3395 requires for outdoor workCalifornia Code of Regulations, Title 8, section 3395 (as amended, operative May 1, 2015; non-substantive amendment 2020); section 3396 (indoor, 2024) noted for scope
• Can cut-resistant gloves be washed? Care and when to replace themANSI/ISEA 105-2016 (cut levels); manufacturer laundering data from Ansell, MCR Safety and DuPont as published October 2026
• Can you wear a respirator with a beard? What OSHA says about facial hair29 CFR 1910.134 (current e-CFR)
• Chemical aprons and sleeves: what to look for29 CFR 1910.132 and 1910.1030 (current e-CFR); ASTM F739-20; PIP, AlphaTec and North product data
• Chlorine exposure limits and detection29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 (current e-CFR); NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, chlorine (current online edition)
• Class 2 vs Class 3 safety vest: the differenceANSI/ISEA 107-2020; MUTCD 2009 edition (incorporated by OSHA at 29 CFR 1926.6) and MUTCD 11th edition (December 2023)
• Class G, Class E and Class C hard hats: the electrical ratingsANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); 29 CFR 1910.135 and 1926.100
• Cold stress: what OSHA and NIOSH recommend for cold-weather workOSHA Cold Stress Guide (Emergency Preparedness and Response guides); NIOSH, Cold Stress: Cold and Work (reviewed July 2026); OSH Act section 5(a)(1); 29 CFR 1910.132(h)(4); EN 511:2006 as published by glove manufacturers
• Cold-weather work gloves: what the EN 511 ratings meanEN 511:2006, as published by the manufacturers named; ANSI/ISEA 105-2016 for cut and abrasion
• Combustible gas: what is LEL and UEL by gas (methane, propane, hydrogen)NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (current online edition); NIOSH IC 9486 Handbook for Methane Control in Mining (2006); 29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR)
• Confined space rescue: non-entry retrieval systems and what OSHA requires29 CFR 1910.146 (general industry) and 29 CFR 1926.1200 to 1926.1213 (construction), current e-CFR; ANSI/ASSP Z359.4, Z359.11, Z359.14 and Z359.18 as cited by the manufacturers named
• Confined spaces in construction: how 1926 Subpart AA differs from 1910.14629 CFR 1926 Subpart AA, 1926.1200 to 1926.1213 (published 80 FR 25519, May 4, 2015; current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR)
• Coverall size chart: how to size disposable and work coverallsANSI/ISEA 101 (as cited by the manufacturers); DuPont Tyvek 400 TY122S product data; PIP and Portwest published size charts
• Coveralls vs overalls vs bib overalls: the difference29 CFR 1910.120 Appendix B and 1910.132 (current e-CFR); manufacturer product data
• Decibel level chart: how loud common sounds and tools are, and how many decibels cause hearing damage29 CFR 1910.95 Table G-16 (current e-CFR); NIOSH Noise and Hearing Loss (REL 85 dBA, 3-dB exchange); CDC What Noises Cause Hearing Loss (sound levels)
• Detector tubes vs electronic monitors: when each is usedManufacturer published data (Draeger, Gastec, Honeywell RAE Systems); 29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR); Gastec summary of detector tube standards (ISO 17621:2015, JIS K 0804, ANSI/ISEA 102)
• Disposable coveralls for asbestos and lead: what the standards require29 CFR 1926.1101, 1926.62 and 1910.1001 (current e-CFR); DuPont Tyvek 400 product data
• Disposable gloves: when must single-use gloves be changed?29 CFR 1910.1030 (current e-CFR); FDA Food Code 2022; 21 CFR 800.20
• Do hard hats expire? Service life, the date stamp, and when to replace oneANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); 29 CFR 1910.135; manufacturer instructions (3M, MSA, PIP, Honeywell, Studson)
• Do nitrile gloves conduct electricity? Rubber gloves and electrical shock29 CFR 1910.137 and 1910.335 (current e-CFR); ASTM D120-22; 21 CFR 800.20
• Do you need a harness on a scissor lift or boom lift?29 CFR 1926.453, 1926.451, 1926.452(w) and 1926.502 (current e-CFR); OSHA letters of interpretation of August 1, 2000 and November 29, 2005; ANSI/ASSP Z359.3, Z359.11, Z359.13 and Z359.14 as cited by the manufacturers named
• Does OSHA require high-visibility clothing?29 CFR 1926.201, 1926.6, 1926.651 and 1910.132 (current e-CFR); OSHA letter of interpretation of August 5, 2009; MUTCD 2009 edition and 11th edition (December 2023); ANSI/ISEA 107-2020
• Double hearing protection: when to wear plugs and muffs together29 CFR 1910.95(j) and Appendix B (current e-CFR); NIOSH Publication 98-126 (1998), section 1.5 and chapter 6
• Drain covers and spill response for storm drains40 CFR 122.26 (current e-CFR); 40 CFR 110.3 and 110.6; EPA 2021 Multi-Sector General Permit and 2022 Construction General Permit (SWPPP); 29 CFR 1910.120
• Ear plugs vs earmuffs: which gives more protection?29 CFR 1910.95(i), (j) and Appendix B (current e-CFR); NIOSH Publication 98-126 (1998); OSHA Technical Manual Section III Chapter 5
• Electrical insulating rubber gloves: classes 00 to 4 and the testing OSHA requires29 CFR 1910.137 Tables I-1, I-2, I-4 and I-5 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.335; ASTM D120-22
• Electronic and level-dependent earmuffs: how they workEN 352-4 (level-dependent earmuffs) as summarized by JSP; 29 CFR 1910.95(j) and Appendix B; manufacturer data (Honeywell Howard Leight Impact series, 3M PELTOR Tactical Sport)
• Emergency showers: what ANSI Z358.1 requires for flow, height and temperature29 CFR 1910.151(c) (current e-CFR); ANSI/ISEA Z358.1-2014 sections 4 and 7; OSHA letters of interpretation on 1910.151(c) (April 18, 2002; November 1, 2002)
• EN 388: how to read the four numbers and the letters on a gloveEN 388:2016+A1:2018; EN ISO 13997; EN 13594 (impact); ANSI/ISEA 105-2016 and ASTM F2992 for the comparison
• Eye protection for grinding and cutting: what OSHA requires and what to wear29 CFR 1910.133 and 1926.102 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Appendix B; 29 CFR 1910.252(b)(2); ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020
• Eyewash saline solution: sterile saline vs tap water, shelf life, and what goes in a stationANSI/ISEA Z358.1-2014 (flushing fluid); 21 CFR 349 (ophthalmic drug products, OTC)
• Eyewash station: what it is, when OSHA requires one, and plumbed vs portable vs bottle29 CFR 1910.151(c); ANSI/ISEA Z358.1-2014
• Fall arrest vs fall restraint vs positioning: what each system does29 CFR 1926.500 and 1926.502 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.140; OSHA letter of interpretation, November 2, 1995; ANSI/ASSP Z359.3, Z359.13, Z359.14
• Fall protection for residential construction: what 1926.501(b)(13) and STD 03-11-002 require29 CFR 1926.500, 1926.501, 1926.502 and 1926.503 (current e-CFR); OSHA Directive STD 03-11-002, Compliance Guidance for Residential Construction (effective June 16, 2011)
• Fall protection on ladders: what 1910.23 and 1926.1053 require29 CFR 1910.23, 1910.28 and 1910.29 (Walking-Working Surfaces, 2016 rule, current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1926.1053 (current e-CFR); ANSI A14.3 and ANSI/ASSP Z359.11, Z359.13, Z359.15 as cited by the manufacturers named
• Fall protection on scaffolds: when it is required and what kind29 CFR 1926.451 (Subpart L, current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1926.502(d); ANSI/ASSP Z359.11, Z359.13, Z359.15 and Z359.18 as cited by the manufacturers named
• Fall protection training: what 1926.503 requires, who can give it, and when to retrain29 CFR 1926.503, 1926.21 and 1926.32 (current e-CFR)
• Fingertip and knuckle bandages: how to apply themANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021; First Aid Only (Acme United) product data; American Red Cross first aid guidance
• First aid kit refills: how often to check and restock29 CFR 1926.50; 29 CFR 1910.151 and Appendix A; 29 CFR 1910.266; ANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021; FDA, Don’t Be Tempted to Use Expired Medicines
• First aid kits for vehicles and crews: what 1926.50 requires on a jobsite29 CFR 1926.50 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.151; ANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021
• Flame-resistant hi-vis: when you need both ratingsANSI/ISEA 107-2020 section 10.5; ASTM F1506; NFPA 2112; NFPA 70E-2024; 29 CFR 1910.269(l)(8) and 1926.960(g) (current e-CFR)
• Floor marking colors: what OSHA requires and the common standard29 CFR 1910.176(a), 1910.144(a), 1910.22(a) and 1910.37(b) (current e-CFR); OSHA letter of interpretation, May 15, 1972 (archived); manufacturer floor-marking color guides
• FR clothing for oil and gas: what the industry and NFPA 2112 requireOSHA memorandum of March 19, 2010; 29 CFR 1910.132; NFPA 2112-2023; NFPA 2113
• Full-brim vs cap-style hard hatsANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); manufacturer spec data
• Gas detection for confined space entry: what to test and the order29 CFR 1910.146(b), (c)(5)(ii)(C), (d)(5) and Appendix B; 29 CFR 1926.1204(e) (current e-CFR)
• Gas detection records: what to log, who signs it, and how long to keep it29 CFR 1910.146 and 1910.1020 (current e-CFR); OSHA Safety and Health Information Bulletin 11-26-2024, Calibrating and Testing Direct-Reading Monitors; manufacturer product data for the monitors and docks listed
• Gas detector docking stations: what they do, what OSHA says about bump tests and calibration, and when a dock pays offOSHA Safety and Health Information Bulletin 11-26-2024, Calibrating and Testing Direct-Reading Monitors; 29 CFR 1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(C) and (d)(5); manufacturer product data for the docks listed
• Gas detector for landfills and wastewater: methane, H2S and oxygen, and which monitors fit the work29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2 (hydrogen sulfide); NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, hydrogen sulfide; ATSDR Landfill Gas Primer (2001), chapters 2 and 3
• Gas detector sensor life: when to replace sensorsManufacturer published data (Honeywell BW, MSA, RKI Instruments, Industrial Scientific); 29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR)
• Gas monitors for welding and hot work: what to measure29 CFR 1910.252 and 29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1; OSHA Fact Sheet FS-3647, Controlling Hazardous Fume and Gases during Welding (2013); NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• Glove liners: what they do and when to use them29 CFR 1910.138 and 1910.1030(d)(3)(iii) (current e-CFR); manufacturer product data (Ansell, Salisbury, MCR Safety, Armor Guys, Portwest)
• Gloves for bloodborne pathogens: what 1910.1030 requires29 CFR 1910.1030 (current e-CFR); ASTM D6319 and D3578 as cited by manufacturers
• Grade D breathing air: what 1910.134(i) requires for supplied-air respirators29 CFR 1910.134(i)(1) through (9), current e-CFR, citing ANSI/CGA G-7.1-1989
• H2S exposure limits and ppm chart: OSHA, NIOSH and ACGIH29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2 and 1926.55 (current e-CFR); NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards; OSHA Hydrogen Sulfide topic pages; ACGIH TLV as reported by OSHA
• Hard hat inspection: what to check and how oftenANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2009 Appendix A (text verified; the edition incorporated by reference in 29 CFR 1910.135 and 1926.100); ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019), the current edition, which carries the same user cautions; 29 CFR 1910.132 and 1910.135; OSHA letter of interpretation, October 27, 2009; manufacturer instructions (MSA, 3M)
• Hard hats for cold weather: winter liners and what they do to fitOSHA standard interpretation, April 17, 2006 (cold-weather headwear under hard hats); 29 CFR 1926.100 and 1926.31; ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2009 (text verified; incorporated by reference in 29 CFR 1910.135 and 1926.100); ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); manufacturer instructions and spec sheets (MSA, 3M, Ergodyne, PIP, OccuNomix)
• Hearing protection with a hard hat: cap-mounted earmuffsANSI/ISEA Z89.1 (industrial head protection), as incorporated by 29 CFR 1910.135(b); 29 CFR 1910.95(j) and Appendix B; EN 352-3 (helmet-mounted earmuffs) as summarized by 3M and JSP; manufacturer data for the models listed
• Heat exhaustion vs heat stroke: the signs and what to doNIOSH, Heat Stress: Heat-Related Illnesses (symptoms and first aid); NIOSH Publication 2016-106; OSHA Heat Illness Prevention guidance; Cal/OSHA Title 8 section 3395(f)
• Heat-resistant gloves: what the ANSI/ISEA 105 heat and flame levels meanANSI/ISEA 105-2016; ASTM F1060-08 (conductive heat); ASTM F1358 (flame); ISO 17493 (heat degradation)
• Hi-vis for flaggers and roadway work: what the MUTCD and 23 CFR 634 requireMUTCD 2009 edition, sections 6D.03 and 6E.02 (incorporated by OSHA at 29 CFR 1926.6); MUTCD 11th edition (December 2023), section 6C.05; 29 CFR 1926.201(a); ANSI/ISEA 107-2020
• Hi-vis rain gear and cold-weather gear: keeping the class ratingANSI/ISEA 107-2020; MUTCD 11th edition (December 2023); NFPA 70E-2024
• High-visibility hard hats and lamp brackets: what the standard saysANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2009 (text verified; incorporated by reference in 29 CFR 1910.135 and 1926.100); ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019), the current edition, which keeps the HV designation and the accessory rules; 29 CFR 1910.135 and 1926.100; OSHA letter of interpretation, October 27, 2009
• Hot work permits: what 1910.252(a) requires before welding or cutting29 CFR 1910.252(a) (current e-CFR; incorporates NFPA 51B-1962); 29 CFR 1926.352; NFPA 51B, 2024 edition current; ANSI Z49.1:2021
• How do cooling vests and cooling towels work, and when do they help?OSHA-NIOSH heat guidance; NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments (2016); manufacturer data
• How do respirators work? Air-purifying vs atmosphere-supplying, filters vs cartridges29 CFR 1910.134; NIOSH 42 CFR 84
• How does an auto-darkening welding helmet work, and what do the ratings mean?ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 (Section 7.2.3 and Table 12, automatic darkening welding filters); EN 379 (optical classes) as published by the manufacturers; 29 CFR 1910.252(b)(2) and 1910.133(a)(5)
• How long can you wear an N95? Reuse and replacement under OSHA29 CFR 1910.134 (current e-CFR); 42 CFR 84 (NIOSH); NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators (96-101)
• How long does hi-vis clothing last, and when should it be replaced?ANSI/ISEA 107-2020 (care labeling and material tests); FHWA and ATSSA, High-Visibility Safety Apparel in Highway Work Zones (2008); 29 CFR 1910.132(f)
• How long is a safety harness good for? Service life and retirement29 CFR 1926.502 (construction) and 29 CFR 1910.140 (general industry), current e-CFR; ANSI/ASSP Z359.11-2021 as reproduced in manufacturer user manuals
• How loud is 85 decibels, and why is it the number that matters?29 CFR 1910.95 (Table G-16, paragraphs (b) and (c)); NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Noise Exposure (1998)
• How many first aid kits does a workplace need, and where?29 CFR 1910.151 and Appendix A; OSHA letter of interpretation, February 5, 2007; 29 CFR 1926.50; ANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021
• How often do electrical gloves have to be tested?29 CFR 1910.137 (current e-CFR), Tables I-4 and I-5; ASTM D120 and F496 as referenced by OSHA and manufacturers
• How often must a harness be inspected, and what to look for29 CFR 1926.502(d) (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.140(c); ANSI/ASSP Z359.2 and Z359.11-2021; 3M DBI-SALA harness user instructions
• How often should hearing protection be replaced?29 CFR 1910.95(i)(1) (current e-CFR); manufacturer care instructions (3M, Cleaning and Inspection for Earplugs and Earmuffs; Honeywell Howard Leight, Hearing Care and Maintenance)
• How to assemble a hard hat suspensionANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); manufacturer user instructions (3M H-700/H-800, PIP, MSA)
• How to calculate fall clearance29 CFR 1926.500 and 1926.502 (current e-CFR); ANSI/ASSP Z359.13 and Z359.14-2021; manufacturer fall clearance charts (3M DBI-SALA, FallTech)
• How to clean and store a reusable respirator (OSHA Appendix B-2)29 CFR 1910.134(h) and Appendix B-2 (current e-CFR)
• How to clean and wash leather work gloves without ruining themManufacturer care instructions (PIP, MCR Safety, Caiman, Black Stallion, Tillman)
• How to clean up a chemical spill: the steps and the PPE29 CFR 1910.120 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.1200; 29 CFR 1910.132, 1910.133, 1910.138, 1910.151; 40 CFR 262 and 279
• How to clean up an oil or diesel spill in a shop, a yard or on a jobsite40 CFR 112 (SPCC); 40 CFR 110; 29 CFR 1910.120(q); 40 CFR 279 (used oil)
• How to insert foam ear plugs correctly (roll, pull, hold)29 CFR 1910.95(i); NIOSH roll-pull-hold guidance; manufacturer instructions
• How to measure your hand for glove sizeEN 420:2003+A1:2009 (hand sizing), manufacturer size charts
• How to put on a safety harness and check the fitANSI/ASSP Z359.11-2021; 3M DBI-SALA and FallTech harness fitting instructions; 29 CFR 1926.502(d)(17) and (d)(21); 29 CFR 1910.140(d)(1)(iv)
• How to put on an N95 respirator and do a user seal check29 CFR 1910.134 Appendix B-1; NIOSH donning guidance; manufacturer instructions
• How to read a gas monitor alarm: low, high, TWA and STEL29 CFR 1910.1000 Tables Z-1 and Z-2 and 1910.146(b) (current e-CFR); NIOSH Pocket Guide; manufacturer published alarm set points (MSA ALTAIR, Honeywell BW, RKI, Industrial Scientific)
• How to read a NIOSH approval label (TC number)42 CFR 84.33 and 84.171(b), current e-CFR; NIOSH Certified Equipment List schedule codes; 29 CFR 1910.134(d)(1)(ii) and (j)
• How to read a respirator cartridge color code42 CFR 84.113, 84.171(b) and 84.193 (current e-CFR); ANSI K13.1-1973 as incorporated by reference; 29 CFR 1910.134(j)
• How to treat a burn at work: first aid and burn dressingsAmerican Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council, Burn Cooling advisory (June 2019); ANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021; 29 CFR 1910.151(b) and (c)
• How to wash FR and arc-rated clothingNFPA 70E-2024, 130.7(C)(13); 29 CFR 1910.269(l)(8); ASTM F1506 (current edition); ASTM F1449 and F2757; manufacturer care instructions
• How to wear a hard hat correctly, and can you wear it backwards?ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); OSHA letters of interpretation of July 22, 1992 and April 17, 2002; manufacturer user instructions (3M, PIP, MSA)
• Impact-rated gloves: what ANSI/ISEA 138 levels 1, 2 and 3 meanANSI/ISEA 138-2019; EN 388:2016+A1:2018 and EN 13594:2015 for the comparison
• Intrinsically safe gas detectors: what Class I Div 1 and Div 2 mean29 CFR 1910.307 and 1910.399 (current e-CFR); NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 500; ANSI/UL 913; manufacturer listings as shown on each product page
• Is H2S heavier than air, and where does it collect?NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, hydrogen sulfide (current online edition); OSHA Safety and Health Topics, Hydrogen Sulfide; 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2 and 29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR)
• Is welding dangerous? The hazards OSHA names, and the PPE that addresses each one29 CFR 1910.252 and 1910.133 (current e-CFR); ANSI Z49.1:2021 Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes
• Knee pads: when they are required and how to wear them29 CFR 1910.132 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1926.95 for construction; OSHA Electrical Contractors eTool, Ergonomic Solutions: Lower Extremities; manufacturer data (Ergodyne, PIP, Alta, OccuNomix, CLC, Allegro, Portwest, Sellstrom)
• Lockout devices by energy type: breakers, valves, plugs and cables29 CFR 1910.147 (control of hazardous energy) and 1910.303(f)(4), current e-CFR
• Lockout vs tagout: when a tag alone is allowed29 CFR 1910.147 and Appendix A (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.333(b)(2) for electrical work
• Machine guarding signs and tags: what OSHA requires, and what a sign cannot replace29 CFR 1910.212, 1910.145 and 1910.147, current e-CFR; ANSI Z535 signal-word colors as published by sign manufacturers
• MIG vs stick vs TIG welding: what each process is, and what PPE each one needs29 CFR 1910.252(b)(2)(ii)(H) and 1926.102 Table E-1 (current e-CFR); ANSI Z49.1:2021; AWS process definitions
• NFPA 2112 vs ASTM F1506: which standard applies to your workNFPA 2112-2023; ASTM F1506 (current edition); NFPA 70E-2024, 130.7(C)(14); 29 CFR 1910.132 and 1910.269(l)(8)
• NFPA 70E PPE categories 1 to 4: what each requiresNFPA 70E-2024, 130.5(G), 130.7(C)(15) and Table 130.7(C)(15)(c)
• Nitrile vs latex vs vinyl gloves: what each material resistsASTM D6319-19 (nitrile), D3578-19 (latex), D5250-19 (vinyl); 29 CFR 1910.138
• Nitrogen dioxide and diesel exhaust: the exposure limits, what is in the exhaust, and the NO2 monitors we carry29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 and 1926.55 (current e-CFR); NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, nitrogen dioxide; NIOSH IDLH Value Profile, nitrogen dioxide (2017); OSHA/MSHA Hazard Alert, Diesel Exhaust/Diesel Particulate Matter (OSHA 3590); OSHA Occupational Chemical Database, nitrogen dioxide
• Noise in construction: how 1926.52 differs from 1910.9529 CFR 1926.52 and 1926.101; 29 CFR 1910.95 (current e-CFR)
• NRR vs SNR: the US and European hearing protector ratings, and why the same plug has two numbers40 CFR Part 211 Subpart B; ANSI S3.19-1974; EN 352-1 and 352-2; ISO 4869-1 and 4869-2; 29 CFR 1910.95 Appendix B (current e-CFR)
• OSHA electrical panel labeling requirements29 CFR 1910.303 and 1910.335 (current e-CFR); NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2023 edition, 110.16, 110.21(B), 110.22(A), 408.4(A) and (B); NFPA 70E, Article 130
• OSHA eyewash station requirements: what 1910.151(c) and ANSI Z358.1 require29 CFR 1910.151(c) and 1926.50(g) (current e-CFR); ANSI/ISEA Z358.1-2014; OSHA letters of interpretation on 1910.151(c) (March 28, 2002; April 18, 2002; November 1, 2002; June 1, 2009)
• OSHA fall protection requirements explained: 1926 Subpart M, section by section29 CFR 1926.500 through 1926.503, Appendices A to E
• OSHA first aid kit requirements: what 1910.151 and ANSI Z308.1 require29 CFR 1910.151; 29 CFR 1926.50; ANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021
• OSHA hand protection requirements: what 1910.138 says29 CFR 1910.138, 1910.132 and 1910 Subpart I Appendix B (current e-CFR); ANSI/ISEA 105-2016; ANSI/ISEA 138-2019
• OSHA hard hat requirements: what 1910.135 and 1926.100 say29 CFR 1910.135 and 29 CFR 1926.100 (current e-CFR text); ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019)
• OSHA hearing protection requirements explained (1910.95)29 CFR 1910.95 (current e-CFR), Table G-16, Appendices A through G
• OSHA illumination requirements: the foot-candle table29 CFR 1926.56 and Table D-3 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.120(m) Table H-120.1; 29 CFR 1910.37(b); ANSI A11.1-1965 (R1970) as referenced in 1926.56(b)
• OSHA ladder requirements: inspection, angle and the 3-point rule29 CFR 1910.23 and 1910.28(b)(9) (current e-CFR, Walking-Working Surfaces rule of November 18, 2016); 29 CFR 1926.1053 and 1926.1060; OSHA QuickCard 3246, Portable Ladder Safety
• OSHA safety glasses requirements: what 1910.133 says, whether regular glasses count, and when side shields are required29 CFR 1910.133 and 1926.102 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.132(d) and (h); 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Appendix B; ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020
• OSHA safety harness requirements: what 1926.502(d) says29 CFR 1926.500, 1926.502 and 1926.503 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.140; ANSI/ASSP Z359.11-2021
• OSHA safety sign requirements: danger, warning, caution and notice29 CFR 1910.145 and Appendix A to 1910.145(f) (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1926.200; ANSI Z535.1-2006(R2011) as incorporated by OSHA; ANSI Z535.2-2011 (R2017)
• OSHA secondary container labeling requirements29 CFR 1910.1200(f) and Appendix C (current e-CFR, including the May 2024 update)
• Periodic inspection of lockout procedures: what 1910.147(c)(6) requires29 CFR 1910.147 (control of hazardous energy), current e-CFR
• Permit-required confined space entry: what the permit and the program require29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR), paragraphs (b) through (f), (j) and (k)
• Plasma cutter vs oxy-fuel torch: what each does29 CFR 1910.252, 1910.253 and 1910.254 (current e-CFR); 1910.133(a)(5); ANSI Z49.1:2021 Part II; manufacturer process data (Hypertherm, Lincoln Electric, ESAB)
• PPE training: what 1910.132(f) requires29 CFR 1910.132(f) and (g) (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2); 1910.134(k); 1910.95(k); 1910.30
• Prescription safety glasses: what Z87.1 requires and how to order themANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 (Sections 5.3, 5.4, 7.1.4.6 and Table 4); 29 CFR 1910.133(a)(3) and 1926.102(a)(3); 29 CFR 1910.132(h)
• Qualitative vs quantitative fit testing: which one does your program need?29 CFR 1910.134(f) and Appendix A (current e-CFR)
• Respirator fit testing: what it is, when OSHA requires it, and how it is done29 CFR 1910.134 and Appendix A
• Respirator medical evaluation: what 1910.134(e) requires and who does it29 CFR 1910.134(e), (m)(1) and Appendix C (current e-CFR)
• Respirator training: what employees must be taught under 1910.134(k)29 CFR 1910.134(k)(1) through (6) and Appendix D, current e-CFR
• Respirator vs gas mask vs ventilator: what each term means29 CFR 1910.134(b); 42 CFR 84
• Respirators for asbestos: what 1926.1101 requires29 CFR 1926.1101(b), (c), (e) and (h); 29 CFR 1910.134(d)(3) and Table 1; 42 CFR 84.171(b), current e-CFR
• Respirators for lead: when 1910.1025 requires them29 CFR 1910.1025(c) and (f); 29 CFR 1926.62(c) and (f); 29 CFR 1910.134(d)(3) and Table 1; 42 CFR 84.171(b), current e-CFR
• Respirators for silica dust: what the silica standard requires29 CFR 1926.1153 (construction) and 29 CFR 1910.1053 (general industry and maritime), current e-CFR; 29 CFR 1910.134
• Respirators for spray painting and isocyanates29 CFR 1910.94(c), 1910.134 and 1910.1000 Table Z-1 (current e-CFR); OSHA Safety and Health Topics, Isocyanates
• Respirators for welding fumes: what OSHA and NIOSH require29 CFR 1910.252(c), 1910.1000 Table Z-1, 1910.1025, 1910.1026 and 1910.134 (current e-CFR); NIOSH, Welding and Manganese
• Respiratory protection in confined spaces: what 1910.146 and 1910.134 require together29 CFR 1910.146 (permit-required confined spaces) and 29 CFR 1910.134 (respiratory protection), current e-CFR
• Reusable vs disposable ear plugs: how the ratings and care differ29 CFR 1910.95(i) and Appendix B (current e-CFR); NIOSH Publication 98-126 (1998); manufacturer care instructions (3M, Honeywell Howard Leight)
• Rubber insulating gloves and leather protectors: when NFPA 70E requires themNFPA 70E-2024, 130.4, 130.7(C)(7) and Table 130.7(C)(7)(a); 29 CFR 1910.137 and 1910.335(a)(1); ASTM D120 and F496
• Safety glasses that fit over prescription glasses (OTG): what to look for, and what OSHA requires29 CFR 1910.133(a)(3); ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020
• Safety glasses vs safety goggles: when each one is required29 CFR 1910.133 and 1926.102 (current e-CFR); ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 (OSHA incorporates the 2010, 2003 and 1989 editions by reference)
• Safety helmet vs hard hat: what the chin strap and Type II changeANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); EN 12492:2012; EN 397:2012+A1:2012
• Shoe covers and boot covers: when they are required29 CFR 1910.132, 1910.1030, 1926.62, 1926.1101 and 1910.120 Appendix B (current e-CFR); manufacturer product data
• Single-gas vs multi-gas detectors: which does the job need?29 CFR 1910.146(b), (c)(5)(ii)(C) and (d)(5) (current e-CFR); manufacturer published product data (Honeywell BW, MSA, RKI, Industrial Scientific, Draeger)
• Spill pallets and drum containment: sizing to the 10 percent rule40 CFR 264.175 (current e-CFR); 40 CFR 112.8(c)(11)
• Sulfur dioxide exposure limits and detection: the OSHA, NIOSH and ACGIH numbers and the SO2 monitors we carry29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 and 1926.55 (current e-CFR); NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, sulfur dioxide; NIOSH IDLH documentation, sulfur dioxide; OSHA Occupational Chemical Database, sulfur dioxide (ACGIH TLV 2008, Cal/OSHA PEL)
• Surgical mask vs N95 vs dust mask: what each one is approved to do42 CFR Part 84; 29 CFR 1910.134 (current e-CFR); 21 CFR 878.4040; NIOSH/CDC infographic, Understanding the Difference (surgical mask vs N95)
• The lockout/tagout procedure step by step29 CFR 1910.147 and Appendix A (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.333(b)(2) for electrical work
• Traffic cone sizes and MUTCD requirements by road speedMUTCD 11th Edition (FHWA, December 2023), Part 6, Sections 6K.01, 6K.03 and 6K.04; MUTCD 2009 Edition Figure 6F-7 for the speed labels; 29 CFR 1926.200(g) and 1926.6
• Type I vs Type II hard hats: what the types meanANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); 29 CFR 1910.135 and 1926.100
• Type I, II, III and IV first aid kits: the container ratingsANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021 (effective October 2022); 29 CFR 1910.151 Appendix A; 29 CFR 1926.50
• Tyvek vs Tychem: which chemical protective suit for which hazardDuPont Tyvek 400 and Tychem 2000, 4000, 5000, 6000 and 10000 product data; ASTM F739-20; 29 CFR 1910.120 Appendix B
• Vented hard hats: what the ventilation does to the electrical classANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2009 (text verified; incorporated by reference in 29 CFR 1910.135 and 1926.100); ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019), the current edition, which keeps the same Type, Class and test structure; 29 CFR 1910.135 and 1926.100
• VOC detection with a PID: what a photoionization detector measuresNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (ionization potentials and limits, current online edition); 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1; manufacturer published data (RKI Instruments, Industrial Scientific)
• Welding blankets, curtains and screens: what 1910.252 requires for shielding29 CFR 1910.252(a)(2) and (b)(2)(iii), 1910.252(c)(1)(ii), 1926.352 (current e-CFR); ANSI Z49.1:2021; FM Approvals Class 4950 (2014)
• Welding jackets: leather vs FR cotton vs hybrid29 CFR 1910.252(b)(3) and 1910.132 (current e-CFR); 1926.353(d)(1)(iii); ANSI Z49.1:2021 clause 4.3; ASTM D6413, ASTM F1506 and NFPA 2112 as cited by the manufacturers
• Welding leathers and spats: foot and leg protection for welders29 CFR 1910.252(b)(3), 1910.132, 1910.136 (current e-CFR); 1926.353(d)(1)(iii); ANSI Z49.1:2021 clause 4.3; ASTM F2413 as published by footwear manufacturers
• What are electrolytes, and when do workers need them instead of water?NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments (2016); OSHA Heat Illness Prevention guidance; Cal/OSHA Title 8 section 3395
• What are hard hats made of? HDPE, polycarbonate, fiberglass and ABSANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); manufacturer spec data (MSA, PIP, Honeywell Fibre-Metal, JSP, 3M)
• What are sorbents, and how do absorbent pads, socks and booms differ?ASTM F726-17 (reapproved 2024); ASTM F716-18; 29 CFR 1910.120 and 1910.22; 40 CFR 112.7 (current e-CFR)
• What are the D-rings on a harness for? Dorsal, side, front, sternal and shoulder29 CFR 1926.502(d) and (e) (construction) and 29 CFR 1910.140(c) (general industry), current e-CFR; ANSI/ASSP Z359.11-2021 attachment element requirements as reproduced in manufacturer user manuals
• What are the OSHA roof fall protection rules for low-slope and steep roofs?29 CFR 1926.500, 1926.501 and 1926.502 (current e-CFR); ANSI/ASSP Z359.11 and Z359.15 as cited by the manufacturers named
• What color codes does OSHA require? Red, yellow and the ANSI Z535 colors29 CFR 1910.144 and 1910.145 (current e-CFR); ANSI Z535.1-2006(R2011) as incorporated by reference in 1910.6; ANSI Z535.2 and Z535.4 signal-word colors as published by the standards body and sign manufacturers
• What do ANSI cut levels A1 to A9 mean? The ANSI/ISEA 105 scaleANSI/ISEA 105-2016; ASTM F2992-15
• What do chemical splash goggles protect against? The D3 rating explainedANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 (Section 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 9.17); 29 CFR 1910.133 and 1910.151(c); 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Appendix B
• What do hard hat colors mean on a jobsite?ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019); 29 CFR 1910.135 and 1926.100
• What do N95, N99, N100, R95, P95 and P100 mean? The NIOSH filter classes explainedNIOSH 42 CFR 84 Subpart K (1995)
• What do the GHS pictograms mean?29 CFR 1910.1200(c), (f) and Appendix C (current e-CFR, including the May 2024 update); OSHA QuickCard 3491, Hazard Communication Standard Pictogram
• What does a 4-gas monitor measure, and why those four?29 CFR 1910.146 and 1910.1000 Tables Z-1 and Z-2 (current e-CFR); NIOSH Pocket Guide (H2S, CO); manufacturer manuals
• What does ANSI Z87.1 mean on safety glasses? Z87 vs Z87+, and how to read the markingsANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020 (Table 3 markings; Sections 5, 6, 7 and 9); 29 CFR 1910.133(b)(1), which incorporates the 2010, 2003 and 1989 editions
• What does Class E mean on hi-vis pants?ANSI/ISEA 107-2020; MUTCD 11th edition (December 2023)
• What does flame resistant mean, and how is FR clothing different from arc-rated clothing?NFPA 2112-2023; ASTM F1506-22; NFPA 70E-2024; ASTM F1959
• What equipment does 1910.146 require for confined space entry?29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1926.1204(d) for construction; ANSI/ASSP Z359.4, Z359.11, Z359.14 and Z359.18 as cited by the manufacturers named
• What has to be in a written respiratory protection program?29 CFR 1910.134(c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (k), (l), (m) and Appendix D (current e-CFR)
• What has to be worn under FR clothing? Meltable fabrics and layeringNFPA 70E-2024, 130.7(C)(9), 130.7(C)(11) and 130.7(C)(12); 29 CFR 1910.269(l)(8)(iii)
• What is a barricade, and when does OSHA require one?29 CFR 1926.200 to 1926.203; 29 CFR 1926.651(l); MUTCD 11th edition (2023), Part 6
• What is a bloodborne pathogen, and what does OSHA 1910.1030 require?29 CFR 1910.1030
• What is a carabiner and a snap hook, and what does the 3,600-pound gate rating mean?29 CFR 1926.502(d); 29 CFR 1910.140(c); ANSI/ASSP Z359.12-2019
• What is a confined space? The OSHA definition, and what makes one permit-required29 CFR 1910.146; 29 CFR 1926 Subpart AA
• What is a davit arm, and when is it used for confined space entry?29 CFR 1910.146(k); 29 CFR 1926.1211; ANSI/ASSP Z359.4 and Z359.14
• What is a detector tube, and how does a Draeger tube work?Draeger, Gastec and RAE Systems published tube and pump data; 29 CFR 1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(C) and (d)(5)
• What is a GHS label, and what are the six required elements?29 CFR 1910.1200(f) and Appendix C (as amended May 20, 2024)
• What is a glove coating? Nitrile, polyurethane, latex and foam coatings comparedANSI/ISEA 105-2016 (abrasion and cut levels); manufacturer coating data (PIP, Honeywell, MCR Safety)
• What is a group lockout, and how do lockout hasps work?29 CFR 1910.147 (control of hazardous energy), current e-CFR
• What is a half mask vs a full facepiece, and what protection factor does each give?29 CFR 1910.134 and Appendix A (current e-CFR)
• What is a hazmat suit, and what are the EPA protection levels A to D?29 CFR 1910.120 and Appendix B (current e-CFR); DuPont Tychem and Tyvek published product data
• What is a hearing conservation program, and when is it required?29 CFR 1910.95 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1926.52(d)
• What is a lab coat for, and which fabric for which hazard?29 CFR 1910.132(a) and (d); 29 CFR 1910.1450 (laboratories); NFPA 45; ASTM F1506 and NFPA 2112 where FR is claimed
• What is a leading edge, and why does it need a leading-edge SRL?29 CFR 1926.500, 1926.501 and 1926.502 (current e-CFR); ANSI/ASSP Z359.14-2021 (in effect August 1, 2023)
• What is a LOTO lock, and what makes it different from a padlock?29 CFR 1910.147 (control of hazardous energy), current e-CFR
• What is a maximum use concentration (MUC) and how is it calculated?29 CFR 1910.134(b) and (d)(3)(i)(A) and (B), current e-CFR; NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for IDLH values
• What is a PAPR, and when is one used instead of a tight-fitting mask?29 CFR 1910.134 (current e-CFR); 42 CFR 84.2 and 84.170 (NIOSH)
• What is a personal fall arrest system, and what are its parts?29 CFR 1926.500(b) and 1926.502(d) (construction, current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.140 (general industry); ANSI/ASSP Z359.11, Z359.12, Z359.13, Z359.14 and Z359.18 as cited by the manufacturers named
• What is a PPE hazard assessment, and what does 1910.132(d) require?29 CFR 1910.132(d) and (g), Appendix B to Subpart I of Part 1910 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1926.95
• What is a rescue plan, and does OSHA require one?29 CFR 1926.502 and 1910.140 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.146(k) and 1926.1211; OSHA Safety and Health Information Bulletin 03-24-2004, Suspension Trauma/Orthostatic Intolerance (updated 2011); ANSI/ASSP Z359.4 as cited by the manufacturers named
• What is a self-retracting lifeline (SRL), and how does it differ from a lanyard?29 CFR 1926.500 and 1926.502 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.140; ANSI/ASSP Z359.14-2021 (in effect August 1, 2023); ANSI/ASSP Z359.13
• What is a spill berm, and when is one used?40 CFR 112.1, 112.7 and 112.8 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.120(j)
• What is a spill kit, and what should be in one?29 CFR 1910.120 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.1200, 1910.132 and 1910.22; 40 CFR 112.7
• What is a supplied-air respirator, and when is one required?29 CFR 1910.134(b), (d), (f), (g) and (i) (current e-CFR); ANSI/CGA G-7.1-1989 Grade D as cited in 1910.134(i)
• What is a Tyvek suit made of, and what does it protect against?DuPont Tyvek 400 TY122S and TY151S product data; DuPont What is Tyvek; EN 13034 (Type 6) and EN ISO 13982-1 (Type 5) as cited by the manufacturers; KleenGuard, PIP, Liberty and Posi-Wear product data
• What is a user seal check, and how is it different from a fit test?29 CFR 1910.134 and Appendices A and B-1 (current e-CFR)
• What is an anchor point, and what must it hold? The 5,000-pound rule29 CFR 1926.502(d) and 1910.140(c) (current e-CFR); ANSI/ASSP Z359.18-2017
• What is an ANSI puncture rating, and what is needle-stick puncture?ANSI/ISEA 105-2016; EN 388 clause 6.4 (puncture probe); ASTM F2878 (hypodermic needle); ASTM D3389 (abrasion)
• What is an arc flash, and what causes one?NFPA 70E-2024; 29 CFR 1910.333 and 1910.335; 29 CFR 1910.269
• What is an arc rating (ATPV and EBT), and how is it measured?ASTM F1959/F1959M (current edition); ASTM F1506; NFPA 70E-2024, Article 100 and 130.7(C)
• What is an assigned protection factor (APF), how do you read OSHA Table 1, and which respirator do you need for a required APF?29 CFR 1910.134(d)(3)(i)(A) Table 1 and (d)(3)(i)(B); 1910.134(b)
• What is ANSI, and is an ANSI standard the law?OSH Act of 1970, sections 5(a) and 6; 29 CFR 1910.6, 1910.133(b), 1910.135(b), 1926.6, 1926.100(b), 1926.102(b) (current e-CFR); ANSI, Introduction to ANSI and American National Standards overview
• What is calibration gas, and how to choose the right cylinder29 CFR 1910.146 (current e-CFR); manufacturer published data for the cylinders and regulators named
• What is ergonomics, and what are ergonomic hazards at work?OSHA Safety and Health Topics: Ergonomics; NIOSH Elements of Ergonomics Programs; OSH Act section 5(a)(1)
• What is first aid under OSHA, and when is a trained first aid provider required?29 CFR 1910.151 and 1926.50 (current e-CFR); OSHA letter of interpretation to Pro Med Training Center, January 16, 2007; 29 CFR 1910.1030; ANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021
• What is H2S (hydrogen sulfide), and why does it kill?29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-2; NIOSH Pocket Guide
• What is heat stress, and what does OSHA require employers to do?OSH Act section 5(a)(1); OSHA CPL 03-00-024, National Emphasis Program on Outdoor and Indoor Heat-Related Hazards (April 10, 2026); OSHA proposed rule, Heat Injury and Illness Prevention in Outdoor and Indoor Work Settings, 89 FR 70698 (August 30, 2024, not final); NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments, Publication 2016-106; OSHA, Using the Heat Index: A Guide for Employers (2011); Cal/OSHA Title 8 section 3395
• What is hi-vis, and how does retroreflective material work?ANSI/ISEA 107-2020; MUTCD 11th edition (December 2023) section 6C.05
• What is IDLH, and which respirators are allowed in an IDLH atmosphere?29 CFR 1910.134 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.146; NIOSH IDLH values
• What is Kevlar, HPPE and Dyneema in a glove, and how do they differ?ANSI/ISEA 105-2016; manufacturer fiber data (DuPont Kevlar; Avient Dyneema)
• What is LEL, and what does 10 percent LEL mean on a gas monitor?29 CFR 1910.146(b); NIOSH Pocket Guide; NFPA 325 / NFPA 497
• What is lockout/tagout (LOTO)? OSHA 1910.147 explained29 CFR 1910.147 (control of hazardous energy)
• What is NFPA 70E, and how does it relate to OSHA?NFPA 70E-2024; 29 CFR 1910.132, 1910.333, 1910.335 and 1910.269 (current e-CFR)
• What is NFPA, and which NFPA standards does OSHA reference?29 CFR 1910.6(x) and 1926.6(s) (current e-CFR); 1910.269(l)(8) and Appendix E; 1910.335; NFPA 70E-2024; NFPA 2112-2023; NFPA 101-2009 as incorporated
• What is NIOSH, and how is it different from OSHA?OSH Act of 1970, sections 6, 8, 9, 20 and 22 (29 U.S.C. 655, 657, 658, 669, 671); 42 CFR Part 84; 29 CFR 1910.134(d)(1)(ii) and (j); NIOSH, About NIOSH and Certified Equipment List pages; OSHA, Annotated PELs
• What is NRR, and how do you calculate the protection you actually get?40 CFR 211 Subpart B (EPA labeling); 29 CFR 1910.95 Appendix B; OSHA Technical Manual III-5; NIOSH 1998 Criteria Document
• What is OSHA 1910 vs 1926: general industry vs construction29 CFR 1910.5, 1910.12, 1910.28, 1910.95, 1910.132; 29 CFR 1926.20, 1926.21, 1926.32, 1926.52, 1926.95, 1926.501 (current e-CFR); OSH Act section 6
• What is oxygen deficiency and enrichment? The 19.5 and 23.5 percent limits29 CFR 1910.146(b) and 1910.134(b), (d)(2)(iii) and Table II (current e-CFR); OSHA letter of interpretation, April 2, 2007, quoting the 1910.134 preamble (63 FR 1152)
• What is required before an employee can use a respirator?29 CFR 1910.134 and Appendices A, B-1 and C (current e-CFR)
• What is SCBA, and when does OSHA require it?29 CFR 1910.134(d)(2), (g)(3) and (g)(4); NIOSH 42 CFR 84 Subpart H; NFPA 1981 / NFPA 1986
• What is secondary containment, and when does the EPA require it?40 CFR 264.175 (current e-CFR); 40 CFR 112.1, 112.7 and 112.8 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.120(j)
• What is suspension trauma, and what are trauma relief straps for?OSHA Safety and Health Information Bulletin SHIB 03-24-2004, Suspension Trauma/Orthostatic Intolerance (updated 2011); 29 CFR 1926.502(d)(20); 29 CFR 1910.140(c)(21)
• What is the arc flash boundary, and how is it determined?NFPA 70E-2024, Article 130; IEEE 1584-2018; 29 CFR 1910.335
• What is the carbon monoxide exposure limit at work? OSHA, NIOSH and the ppm numbers29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 and 1926.55 Appendix A (current e-CFR); NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, carbon monoxide; OSHA Fact Sheet, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; ACGIH TLVs and BEIs (2025)
• What is the Hazard Communication Standard, and what does it require?29 CFR 1910.1200 (as amended May 20, 2024); 29 CFR 1926.59
• What is TWA, STEL and ceiling on an exposure limit?29 CFR 1910.1000(a) through (d) and Tables Z-1 and Z-2 (current e-CFR); NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, introduction; manufacturer monitor data
• What is Type R vs Type O vs Type P high-visibility apparel?ANSI/ISEA 107-2020 (types introduced in the 2015 edition); MUTCD 11th edition (December 2023)
• What is voluntary respirator use, and what does Appendix D require?29 CFR 1910.134 and Appendix D (current e-CFR)
• What PPE does OSHA require for welding? 1910.252 explained29 CFR 1910.252, 1910.132, 1910.133, 1910.134 and 1926.353, 1926.102 (current e-CFR); ANSI Z49.1:2021
• What PPE does OSHA require on a construction site?29 CFR 1926.28, 1926.95 through 1926.106, 1926.52, 1926.201 and 1926.501 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910.134; ANSI Z89.1 and Z87.1 editions as incorporated in 1926.6
• What shade lens for MIG, TIG, stick and plasma cutting? The OSHA welding lens shade chart29 CFR 1910.133(a)(5) and 1910.252(b)(2)(ii)(H) (current e-CFR); 1926.102(c)(1) Table E-1; ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 markings as published by manufacturers
• What should be in a workplace first aid kit? The Z308.1 minimum fill29 CFR 1910.151(b) and Appendix A; 29 CFR 1926.50(d); ANSI/ISEA Z308.1-2021 (effective October 15, 2022)
• What toxic fumes come from welding stainless steel, and what protects you?29 CFR 1910.1026 (current e-CFR); 1910.1000 Table Z-1; 1910.134 Table 1; 1910.252(c); 1926.353; OSHA Fact Sheet 3647 (2013)
• When do you change respirator cartridges? Change schedules and end-of-service-life indicators29 CFR 1910.134 (current e-CFR); OSHA Respiratory Protection eTool, Change Schedules; NIOSH 42 CFR 84
• When is a face shield required, and does it replace safety glasses?29 CFR 1910.133 and 1926.102 (current e-CFR); 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Appendix B (non-mandatory selection guidance); ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2020
• When is fall protection required? The OSHA height rules for construction and general industry29 CFR 1926 Subpart M (1926.500 to 503); 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D (1910.28); 1926.451; 1926.760; 1926.453
• When is hearing protection required? The OSHA 85 and 90 dB rules29 CFR 1910.95 (current e-CFR), Table G-16; 29 CFR 1926.52 and 1926.101
• Which gloves protect against chemicals? How to read a chemical resistance chart29 CFR 1910.138 and 1910 Subpart I Appendix B (current e-CFR); ASTM F739; EN ISO 374-1:2016+A1:2018, EN 16523-1 and EN 374-4
• Which respirator for mold remediation? What NIOSH and OSHA recommendOSHA SHIB 03-10-10, A Brief Guide to Mold in the Workplace (updated 2013); EPA, Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings (chapters 3 and 5); 29 CFR 1910.134 (current e-CFR); 42 CFR 84.170
• Which respirator for pesticide application? Reading the label and the EPA requirements40 CFR 170.507 and 170.607 (Worker Protection Standard, current e-CFR); 40 CFR 156.212 (labeling); 29 CFR 1910.134; 42 CFR 84.170
• Who needs lockout/tagout training? Authorized vs affected employees29 CFR 1910.147 (control of hazardous energy), current e-CFR
• Who pays for PPE? The OSHA employer payment rule29 CFR 1910.132(h) and 1926.95(d) (current e-CFR); final rule 72 FR 64341, November 15, 2007

Manufacturer-written selection guides are on a separate page: Manufacturer buying guides. About these guides and how they are kept current: About our guides.